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Last lesson taught us how to read and write Sanskrit Numbers. Numbers are used in reading and telling time. This lesson teaches you to tell time in Sanskrit. We also learn some words that convey the sense of time.
In the table below we see clock pictures showing different times. The time readings in Sanskrit are given below the clocks showing time.
| समयः कः? - What is the time? | |
|---|---|
 |  |
| त्रिवादनम् | पञ्चवादनम् |
 |  |
| सप्तवादनम् | एकादशवादनम् |
| The word “वादनम्” means the strike of a bell. वादनम् is added to the number to tell time like एकवादनम्, द्विवादनम्, चतुर्वादनम्, अष्टवादनम्…. | |
Next set of pictures show clocks reading times past or before certain hours.
| समयः कः? - What is the time? | |
|---|---|
 |  |
| सपाद-एकवादनम् | सार्ध-द्वादशवादनम् |
 |  |
| पादोन-पञ्चवादनम् | सपाद-अष्टवादनम् |
| The above time readings are similar to saying quarter past 1, quarter to 5 and half past 12. Samskrit word पादः means a quarter in this context. अर्ध refers to half. | |
The next chart shows examples in a more general way.
| समयः कः? - What is the time? | |
|---|---|
 |  |
| दश अधिक अष्टवादनम् | पञ्चविंशतिः अधिक त्रिवादनम् |
 |  |
| पञ्च न्यून षड्वादनम् | विंशतिः न्यून द्वादशवादनम् |
| The above readings are similar to saying 10 past 8, 25 past 3 , 5 to six and 20 to 12. 11:40 can also be read as चत्वारिंशत् अधिक एकादशवादनम्. | |
Well, you now know how Samskrit numbers (सङ्ख्याः) are written and also shown how to read time in Samskrit. What if the clock contains Samskrit Numbers? Try reading time as shown in “संस्कृत घटी”.
| समयः कः? - What is the time? | |
|---|---|
 |  |
| षड्वादनम् | सार्ध-द्विवादनम् |
 |  |
| सपाद-नववादनम् | पादोन-सप्तवादनम् |
अस्तु। How are days called in Sanskrit? Next table shows that.
| दिनानां नामानि | |
|---|---|
| रविवासरः | Sunday |
| सोमवासरः | Monday |
| मङ्गलवासरः | Tuesday |
| बुधवासरः | Wednesday |
| गुरुवासरः | Thursday |
| शुक्रवासरः | Friday |
| शनिवासरः | Saturday |
What about Yesterday, today, tomorrow? Next table gives those names.
| प्रपरह्यः | Two days before yesterday |
| परह्यः | Day before Yesterday |
| ह्यः | Yesterday |
| अद्य Today | |
| Tomorrow | श्वः |
| Day afte Tomorrow | परश्वः |
| Two days after tomorrow | प्रपरश्वः |
We see more time related names in the next table.
| कालावधि नामानि | |
|---|---|
| दिनम् | Day |
| रात्री | Night |
| प्रातः | Early Morning |
| सायम् | Evening |
| मद्याह्नः | Midday |
| अपराह्णः | Afternoon |
| सप्ताहम् | Week |
| पक्षः | Fortnight |
| मासः | Month |
| वर्षम् , संवत्सरम् | Year |
We have learned quite a number of Samskrit Words related to time. It is time to do some practice on what we learned in this lesson.
संस्कृते समयं वदतु। - Tell time in Sanskrit!
प्रश्नानाम् उत्तरानि वदतु! Answer the following questions.
अद्य मङ्गलवासरः| ह्यः कः?
Answer: ह्यः सोमवासरः|
We are happy to note we completed the lessons in Module I of Level I lessons. We hope the lessons were helpful to the beginners and also acknowledged by other learners with prior Samskrit Knowledge. Please post your comments on the first module after registering free.
We are excited to move into Next module, where we learn to converse, write simple sentences, read small stories, poems and also learn a bit of grammar.
Module 2: Sanskrit Noun and Verb forms - संस्कृत-नामपदानि क्रियापदानि च
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