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संस्कृतवीथी - सरलं संस्कृतपठनम् !

Entry Level – Module 2 Samskrit Noun and Verb forms - Lesson 25 - More on Sanskrit Number Forms

प्रावेशिकः स्तरः - द्वितीयः विभागः – संस्कृत-नामपदानि क्रियापदानि च - पञ्चविंशतिः पाठः - सङ्खया - किञ्चित् अधिकं पठनम्

		We learn about........
		Samskrita Sambhashanam - सम्भाषणम् संस्कृतम् सङ्ख्यावाचकाः अस्पुट-सङ्ख्यावाचकाः Ordinal Numbers in Samskritam – सङ्ख्येयशब्दाः

Samskrita Sambashanam – सम्भाषणम् संस्कृतम्

Please click the heading to view the Sambashana video chosen for this lesson. The classroom video serves as a revision for Past tense forms which we learned in earlier lessons.

• स्म-प्रयोगः to indicate habitual actions in past.
• लङ्-लकारः
• क्तवतु-प्रत्ययान्त-रूपाणि Past participle forms

The story about the भिक्षुकः who went to Kasi only to lose the Copper Vessel containing his savings, is narrated with sentences made in present tense. The final verses are worth memorizing.

गतानुगतिकोलोकः न लोकः पारमार्थिकः।
गङ्गासैकतलिङ्गेन नष्टं मे ताम्रभाजनम्।।

सङ्ख्यावाचकाः

We learned Samskrita numbers in the previous module. Before we set ourselves to learn more on Number related Samskrita words, here is the link for you to refer to the chart showing the Samskrita numbers both in numerical and word forms.

संकृत-सङ्ख्यारूपाणि

Numbers bring in meaning only when they are used with other words especially nouns, like one girl, two bags, hundred dollars etc. In English the words representing the numbers are all same when used with different objects. In other words, there is no verbal difference between a lone number and the number that refers to an object or objects. संस्कृतभाषायाम् एतौ किञ्चित् भिन्न-रीत्या व्यवह्रीयेते। These two are handled a bit differently in Samskritam.

• Sankhya Vachakas of एकम्, द्वे, त्रीणि and चत्वारि differ according to the Linga of the noun it qualifies.
• From पञ्च onward Sankhya Vachakas are same in all Lingas and they are in बहुवचनम्।

The following tables with forms and examples in three Lingas explain the role of सङ्ख्यावाचकः as an adjective.

In the first table for numbers एकम्, द्वे, त्रीणि and चत्वारि we can see the सङ्ख्यावाचक-शब्दाः vary according to the Linga bedha while for numbers from पञ्च onward, in the second table they remain same throughout. We list few important points to remember about सङ्ख्यावाचक-शब्दाः.

• Number अष्टन् has two forms namely अष्ट and अष्टौ.
• Being adjectives सङ्खायावाचकाः change according to the Vibhakthi of the noun they quality. We will be learning in detail about his when we deal with Nouns and Adjectives (विशेषणं विशेष्यं च) in the next module.

अस्पुट-सङ्ख्यावाचकाः

The numbers are often expressed in a vague or uncertain way, like two or three, four or five, etc. We use these expressions either when we are unsure about the exact number, or when the accuracy is not needed. In Samskritam, similar forms are always in plural (नित्यबहुवचनम्) and vary according to the Linga of the noun they qualify. The table explains these forms with examples.

• वीथी - Street वीथी वीथ्यौ वीथ्यः
• भटः – Soldier (Servant) भटः भटौ भटाः

Ordinal Numbers in Samskritam – सङ्ख्येयशब्दाः

First, Second, Third…….. Yes! The ordinals are written this way in English. Corresponding forms in Samskritam are called सङ्ख्येयशब्दाः. Technically these are also known as पूरणप्रत्ययान्ताः indicating the type of prefixes (प्रत्ययाः) used in forming these words. The pictures below depict the usage of these words.

In the picture of Hand the सङ्ख्येयशब्दाः are in स्त्रीलिङ्गम् as the noun अङ्गुली is feminine. The names of fingers are in स्त्रीलिङ्गम् but for the thumb ‘अङ्गुष्ठः’. Let us look at the example sentences to understand the usage of Ordinals with the nouns they qualify.

स्थानकम् meaning Position is in नपुंसकलिङ्गम्. Hence the Ordinals shown in the picture are also in नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, like प्रथमं स्थानम्, द्वितीयं स्थानम् and तृतीयं स्थानम्.

We have given the Ordinal forms for numbers from 1 to 100 in all three Lingas. You may download the table by clicking it.

• We have a general rule for obtaining the सङ्ख्येयपदानि starting from विंशतिः. The ordinal forms for numbers beyond नवदशः can be obtained by adding तमः, तमी and तमम् respectively for पुल्लिङग, स्त्रीलिङ्ग and नपुंसकलिङ्ग forms.
  Ex: विंशतितमः, विंशतिमी and विंशतितमम्
• Please note that some numbers have more than one type of Ordinal form.
• Both सङ्ख्यावाचकाः and पूरणप्रत्ययान्ताः decline according to Vibhakthi rules. We will be learning about the different Vibhakthi forms in our next module when we learn about Visheshana Visheshyas.

Let us do some simple Exercises on सङ्ख्याः and complete the lesson. लघु-अभ्यासं कृत्वा पाठं समापयाम।

Practice Exercises - अभ्यास-प्रश्नानि

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable Sankhya-Vachaka Sabdha for the number given in the Parentheses. आवरणे विद्यमानायाः सङ्ख्यायाः सङ्ख्यावाचक-शब्देन रिक्तस्थानम् पूरयन्तु।
   

   उदाहरणम्

   ______ हस्तौ (2)
   पुल्लिङ्गः द्विवचनम्
   द्वौ हस्तौ.

   1. _______ आदित्याः (12)
   2. _______ युगानि (4)
   3. _______ आरक्षकाः (80)
   4. _______ पिपिलिकाः (18)
   5. _____ चित्रे (2) (चित्रम् चित्रे चित्राणि)
   6. ______ छात्राः (40)
   7. _____ नद्यः (11)
   8. ______ महिला (1)
   9. _____ धावनानि (100)
   10. _____ ग्रामाः (64)


2. Fill in the blanks with suitable Ordinals of the numbers given in the parentheses. आवरणे विद्यमानायाः सङ्ख्यायाः सङ्ख्यावाचक-शब्देन रिक्तस्थानम् पूरयन्तु।
   
   1. पाण्डवानाम् ______ युधिष्ठिरः। (1)
   2. मालती मम ____ पुत्री। (3)
   3. _____ पाठः (12)
   4. _____ तिथिः (4)
   5. _____ दिनाङ्कः (25)
   6. _____ स्थानकम् (5)
   7. ______ रात्री (13)
   8. --------- दिवसः (42)
   9. ______ प्रयत्नः (17)
   10. ______ मेलनम् (1)

उत्तराणि पश्यतु! - Show Answers       उत्तराणि गूहयतु! - Hide Answers!

1. 1. द्वादश आदित्याः
   2. चत्वारि युगानि
   3. अशीतिः आरक्षकाः
   4. अष्टादश पिपिलिकाः
   5. द्वे चित्रे
   6. चत्वारिंशत् छात्राः
   7. एकादश नद्यः
   8. एका महिला
   9. शतं धावनानि (100)
   10. चतुःषष्टिः ग्रामाः


2. 1. पाण्डवानाम् प्रथमः युधिष्ठिरः।
   2. मालती मम तृतीया पुत्री।
   3. द्वादशः पाठः
   4. चतुर्थी तिथिः
   5. पञ्चविंशः/पञ्चविंशतितमः दिनाङ्कः
   6. पञ्चमं स्थानकम्
   7. त्रयैदशी रात्री
   8. द्वाचत्वारिंशः/द्वाचत्वारिंशत्तमः/द्विचत्वारिंशः/द्विचत्वापिंशत्तमः दिवसः
   9. सप्तदशः प्रयत्नः
   10. प्रथमं मेलनम्

We welcome your views and suggestions on this lesson. Please post your comments and replies after registering free. Please also send a mail to samskrit@samskritaveethy.com for any clarification on the lesson.
We have so far learned....

• नामपदानि - सर्वनामशब्दाः – सप्त विभक्तयः, संबोधन-प्रथमा विभक्तिः च - अव्ययपदानि
• लटि क्रियारूपाणि - परस्मैपदिनः धातवः आत्मनेपदिनः धातवःच - Causative verb forms in Samskritam - णिजन्त-क्रियापदानि, उपसर्गाः
• Sanskrit Verb Forms Imperative Mood - आज्ञाप्रार्थनादिषु लोट्
• Past actions - Noun forms using क्तवतु-प्रत्ययः , लङ् – रूपाणि (Past tense Verb forms) and स्म-प्रयोगः to represent habitual actions.
• Future Tense Verb Forms (ऌट्-रूपाणि)
• पूर्वकालिकः Forms with Suffixes क्त्वा/ल्यप् and तुमुन् Endings and their usages
• सङ्ख्यावाचकाः सङ्ख्येय-शब्दाः च

The second module in Level I, taught us the nuts and bolts of Samskrita learning. Let us quickly revise what we have learned in this module before we move on to next module where we learn more on Sentence forming. Our next lesson is…..
Lesson 26: Sanskrit Noun and Verb Forms Revison - नामपदानि क्रियापदानि पुनःस्मारणम्

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