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Entry Level – Module 2 Sanskrit Noun and Verb forms - Lesson 5 - Sanskrit Atmane padi, Ubayapadi Verb Forms

प्रावेशिकः स्तरः - द्वितीय-विभागः – संस्कृत-नामपदानि क्रियापदानि च - पञ्चमः पाठः - आत्मनेपदी उभयपदी - क्रियापरिचयः - लट् लकारः

		We learn about........
		Samskrita Sambashanam - सम्भाषणम् संस्कृतम् आत्मनेपदिनः धातवः उभयपदिनः धातवः

We learned in lesson 3 of this module, that Samskrit dhatus are classified in three types as parasmeipadi (परस्मैपदी) , Atmanepadi (आत्मनेपदी) and Ubhayapadi (उभयपदी). We got ourselves familiarized with some Parasmeipadi dhatus. We will be learning in detail on Atmanepadi and Ubhayapadi dhatus in the next module. The intend of this lesson is just to make the beginners aware of the two dhatu types other than परस्मैपदी forms.

The first half of the conversation video chosen for this lesson demonstrates the use of some of present tense verb forms we learned in earlier lessons. Most of the verb forms are known to us and the video is also self-explaining. Sentences picked from the video are shown in the table. Classroom Conversation – 3 .

Samskrita Sambashanam – सम्भाषणम् संस्कृतम्

• The video demonstrates imperative forms like please come, go, sit etc. These forms are called लोट् लकारः in Samskrit. We will be learning in detail about लोट् लकारः in a later lesson.

आत्मनेपदिनः धातवः

• रविः गच्छति ।
• भवान् पठति ।
• त्वं गायसि ।
• अहं खादामि ।

अस्तु! You are familiar with these present tense forms of dhatus like गच्छ्, पठ्, गाय् and खाद् etc with Parasmeipadi (परस्मैपदी) endings. Let us now look at some examples of another type.

From the examples given we can understand dhatus like शोभ्(शुभ्), भाष्, क्षम्, ईक्ष्, कम्प्, लज्ज्(लस्ज्), वन्द् and मन् assume forms different from what we have learned for parasmeipadi dhatus. These dhatus assume Atmanepadi (आत्मनेपदी)forms and are called आत्मनेपदिनः धातवः।

Going through the above examples, we do get a hang for the Atmanepadi endings corresponding to पुरुषः (Person) and वचनम् (Number). आतमनेपदी लट् पुरुषप्रत्ययान्ताः are compiled in the following table. On clicking the title you may view Atmanepadi endings for different tenses and moods (लकाराः).

उभयपदिनः धातवः

A third category of dhatus assume both Atmanepada Parasmeipada forms. They are known as Ubhayapadi उभयपदी dhatus. कृ धातुः which we are familiar with is one of them. We are familiar its Parasmeipada present tense forms. We can now view both the Parasmeipada and Atmanepada forms of कृ धातुः.

‘पच्’, ‘दा’, ‘दुह्’ are few other examples for उभयपदीनः धातवः। It is sufficient, the learners at this stage of learning know the two different verb forms and are able to identify the forms from the endings. We will be learning more on Atmanepadi Dhatus in later modules.

We hence conclude the lesson with some सरलः अभ्यासः.

Practice Exercise - अभ्यास-प्रश्नानि

1. Write the present tense Atmanepadi forms for the given Roots in all Vachanams and Purushas – अधो दत्तानां धातूनां लट्-आत्मनेपदरूपाणि सर्वेषु पुरुषेषु वचनेषु च लिखन्तु:
   शोभ् (शुभ्), वन्द्, मन्, पच्, क्षम्, कम्प्

Answers!       Hide Answers!

1. उत्तराणि:

   
   
   

   शुभ् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	शोभते	शोभेते	शोभन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	शोभसे	शोभेथे	शोभध्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	शोभे	शोभावहे	शोभामहे

   
   
   

   वन्द् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	वन्दते	वन्देते	वन्दन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	वन्दसे	वन्देथे	वन्दध्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	वन्दे	वन्दावहे	वन्दामहे

   
   
   

   मन् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	मन्यते	मन्येते	मन्यन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	मन्यसे	मन्येथे	मन्यघ्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	मन्ये	मन्यावहे	मन्यामहे

   
   
   

   पच् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	पचते	पचेते	पचन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	पचसे	पचेथे	पचध्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	पचे	पचावहे	पचामहे

   
   
   

   क्षम् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	क्षमते	क्षमेते	क्षमन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	क्षमसे	क्षमेथे	क्षमध्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	क्षमे	क्षमावहे	क्षमामहे

   
   
   

   कम्प् धातुः
   	एकवचनम्	द्विवचनम्	बहुवचनम्
   प्रथमपुरुषः	कम्पते	कम्पेते	कम्पन्ते
   मध्यमपुरुषः	कम्पसे	कम्पेथे	कम्पध्वे
   उत्तमपुरुषः	कम्पे	कम्पावहे	कम्पामहे

   
   
   

We welcome your views and suggestions on this lesson. Please post your comments and replies after registering. Please also send a mail to samskrit@samskritaveethy.com for any clarification on the lesson.
We have so far learned....

• First case Noun forms (प्रथमाविभक्तिरूपाणि) and their use as Subject (कर्ता).
• Present tense verb forms (लट्लकारः).

What are the noun forms taken by Object (कर्म) in a sentence? We are now set to learn the Second case Noun forms (द्वितीयाविभक्तिः). Our Next Lesson…..
Lesson 6: Second Case Noun Forms in Sanskrit - द्वितीया विभक्तिः.

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